If a future implant to be place is between two teeth that ultametly will be moved by the orthodontics than orthodontics should be completed first. If the tooth is in an area where mininal movement is required than it would not matter which procedure is done first. A through examination and treatment plan is needed before treatment to determine what is right for your particular case.
Unfortunately at this time, dental implants are not covered by medicaid. Alternatives to implants that are cover by medicaid should be discussed with your dentist. One option is a removable partial denture.
The sensitivity caused by whitening procedures is typically temporary and only lasts about a day or two if sensitivity is experienced at all. For patients with recession the doctor can protect the root surface while the treatment is being performed.
Typically, teeth treated with root canal therapy should recieve a crown if they are located in the back of the mouth. Some front teeth can simply be filled with a filling. The determination is a clinical one that is made by the treating dentist and is specific to the circumstance leading to the root canal. If there is a lot of healty remaining natural tooth, a crown may not be necessary on a front tooth. Most root canal treated back teeth do need a crown on the other hand. The internal whitening is for teeth that have been traumatized. Often blood from trauma can enter the tooth and cause discoloration in which only internal whitening can correct. If the tooth will recieve a crown, correction of color may not be necessary because the tooth in question will be covered by a crown.
Whitening trays can and should be worn during the day. It is difficult to monitor tooth sensitivity while sleeping and as such whitening trays should be worn during the day to prevent over use and sensitivity. In your particular case this should not interfere with your night guard use.