There are four tissue variables that determine what the abdomen looks like. Those variables are as follows. Abdominal skin laxity due to previous pregnancies for weight loss. Excess subcutaneous fat. Muscle separation from previous pregnancy. Excess visceral or intra-domino fat. Based on your pictures, you don’t have a lot of subcutaneous fat and you don’t have a substantial skin laxity. That means that the problem is either or muscle, separation or excess visceral fat guided. Most likely it’s a combination of both. Differentiating the difference between visceral, fat and muscle separation is fairly straightforward, but is sometimes missed by both patients and plastic surgeons. There are a couple of ways of differentiating to determine which is the primary culprit. One way is to lay on your back and see if your abdomen goes completely flat. Muscle separation will not show bulging when you lay on your back. If your abdomen goes completely flat when you lay on your back, and the problem is more likely related to muscle separation from pregnancy. Another way to differentiate it by comparing pre-pregnancy, abdomen and weight. If you’re at exactly the same weight as you were pre-pregnancy, that most likely the problem is related to muscle separation. If you’ve gained weight than visceral fat, may very likely be contributing or maybe the primary issue. Another way to differentiate to your non-dominant hand and press your abdomen until it’s flat. A flat abdominal wall should make a B line between your sternum and your pubic bone. If you can easily press your abdomen flat with your non-dominant hand, then the problem is most likely more related to muscle, separation, and less related to excess visceral fat. if it takes a substantial amount of pressure and you feel like you can’t take a deep breath when you press your abdomen flat then the problem is more likely related to access visceral fat. My best guess is that you have both. Vital can only be reduced with weight loss. Muscle separation can only be corrected with a full tummy tuck. you cannot determine muscle separation by an external examination. Putting your fingers between your rectus, muscles is not a good indication of how much muscle separation you have. The bulging of your abdomen is an excellent way to assess muscle separation once you’ve excluded this fat as a corporate. To get a more accurate assessment and better understanding of treatment options I suggest having multiple in person consultations with plastic surgeons in your community. A thorough examination should assess patients for all four of the above stated variables. Understanding which variable is causing the problem helps direct treatment recommendations. The first step in quality medical care should always be to make an accurate diagnosis. Best, Mats Hagstrom, MD.