Thank you for your question DNE. I understand your concern. Botox is a purified protein used to address wrinkles associated with facial expression. When injected into the skin Botox will relax the muscles and smoothen out the overlying wrinkles. The most common areas of treatment are in the upper face. These include the horizontal lines seen on the upper forehead when one raises the brows, the vertical lines seen between the brows when one frowns (frown lines), and the crow's feet seen around the eyes when one smiles. It is difficult to make an assessment without a formal exam in the office where I can view the skin in multiple angles and observe wrinkles formed with facial expression. However, I hope the information provided here is useful.In addition to addressing various wrinkles, Botox can also be used to adjust the position and shape of the eyebrows. It works the same way as it does when addressing wrinkles, namely by relaxing muscles. In the upper forehead, there are muscles that move the eyebrows up and other muscles that move the eyebrows down. The muscle that moves the eyebrows up is on the upper forehead; this is called the frontalis muscle. It is responsible for the horizontal lines seen on the upper forehead when one raises the eyebrows. The muscles that pull down on the eyebrows are located between the eyebrows and at the corners of the eyebrows. The muscle group between the eyebrows is called the glabellar complex. There is another muscle that goes around the entire eye called the orbicularis oculi muscle. The portion of this muscle under the tail of the eyebrow is responsible for pulling down on the tail of the eyebrow. When any of these muscles is relaxes with Botox the position of the eyebrow can be adjusted. When treating the horizontal lines on the upper forehead seen when one raises the eyebrows, if the dose is too high or if the placement of the product is too low it can lead to the feeling of a heavy eyebrow, difficulty raising the eyebrow, or downward movement of the eyebrow. This can also lead to downward movement of the eyelids, making a person appear tired. It also can make it difficult to apply eye makeup. To correct this Botox is placed in the antagonistic muscles, those in the glabella and orbicularis oculi which pull down on the eyebrows. This will raise the position of the eyebrows. These two areas can be treated with Botox to provide a brow lift. To do so 4-20 units of Botox are used in the glabella between the eyebrows and 2-12 units of Botox per side are used at the tail of the brow and/or the entire crow’s feet region. Some people have narrow eyes that make them appear tired. A small amount of Botox (1-2 units) placed directly under the eyes can help to relax the muscle that goes around the eyes. This causes the lower eyelid to open up more, providing a more healthy and rested appearance. It is important to assess the patient before this treatment by doing what is called a snap test. A snap test demonstrates whether the skin is loose in a given area. The skin is pulled away from the face and released, allowing it to retract. If the skin is tight this retraction is seen right away. On the other hand, if the skin is loose, the skin will retract to its original position slowly. In this case, Botox is not recommended in this area. This is because the loose skin would not be able to close the eyes appropriately. If the muscle is relaxed with Botox it may be difficult to close the eyes and blink. This leads to dryness in the eyes, which can cause further complications. Although Botox is most commonly used in the upper face, it can also be used in various areas in the lower face. The nasalis muscle on the bridge of the nose is responsible for the bunny lines that are sometimes seen there when one frowns or smiles. Usually 2-4 units of Botox are used per side for this area. A different portion of the nasalis muscle is used for flaring of the nostrils. Two units of Botox can be placed in this part of the muscle to decrease nasal flaring. Botox can be placed in the orbicularis oris muscle around the lips to provide a pout to the lips and reduce the appearance of vertical lines around the lips sometimes called smoker’s lines (although they are seen in people who do not smoke as well). In this area 2-4 units are used above the upper lip and 2 units are used on the lower lip. Botox can be placed in the depressor anguli oris (DAO) muscle to elevate downturned corners of the mouth which sometimes produce a sad face appearance. In this area 2-4 units are used per side. Botox can be placed in the mentalis muscle on the chin to address a cobblestone appearance or dimpling on the chin. In this area 2-8 units of Botox are used. Botox can be placed in the masseter muscle in the lower face to contour the lower face and address pain associated with TMJ. In this area 20-40 units of Botox are used per side. Botox can be placed in the levator labii superioris alequae nasii (LLSAN) muscle located just beside the nose on either side to address what is called the gummy smile. The gummy smile is seen in some people whose upper lip elevates so high when they smile that the upper gums are seen in addition to their upper teeth. In this area 2-4 units are used per side. Botox can be placed in a vestigial muscle (seen in some people) called the depressor septi nasii to prevent the tip of the nose from moving downward when smiling. Here only 1-2 units is required. Botox can be placed just under the jawline in what is called the Nefertiti lift to relax the platysma muscle which pulls down on the lower face, thereby improving jawline definition. When placed lower in the neck Botox can address vertical neck bands. Approximately 10 units are used below each jaw and in each band. Botox can be placed in the masseter muscle in the lower face to contour the lower face and address pain associated with TMJ. In this area 20-40 units of Botox are used per side. Depending on the reason for the enlargement of the muscle, permanent results may be achieved. For example, some people have a habit of grinding, clenching, or biting their teeth subconsciously. Often times this happens in their sleep when they are not aware of it. Botox placed in this muscle will relax the muscle and the grinding, clenching, and/or biting will decrease. This will reduce the size of the muscle. If the brain gets accustomed to this and the person stops grinding, clenching, or biting, then the muscle will not become enlarged or as enlarged again. However, if the habit starts again, the muscle will likely get larger. To determine if someone is a good candidate for this treatment it is necessary to look at a person’s lower face when biting and comparing it to when the person is not biting. If a bulge is seen on the outer portion of the jawline, then the person is likely a candidate. It can also be felt with the fingers when biting. Botox and fillers are two dermal (skin-related) products are both very popular for their anti-aging features. Unlike Botox, which relaxes muscles to smoothen out wrinkles associated with facial expression, fillers restore lost volume in various areas of the face and body. Common fillers include the Juvederm family (Juvederm Ultra, Juvederm Ultra Plus, Voluma, Vollure, and Volbella), the Restylane family (Restylane, Restylane Lyft, Restylane Silk, Restylane Refyne, and Restylane Defyne), Belotero, Radiesse, Sculptra, and Bellafill. With age changes occur in the bony structures as well as fat pads, both of which contribute to a youthful appearance. Over time bones move and change shape while fat pads get smaller by losing volume and move downward. Fillers restore such lost volume. Common areas of volume loss include the temples on the sides of the face, the upper cheeks, the tear trough area under the eyes, the nasolabial folds which go from the sides of the nose to the corners of the mouth, the marionette lines which are the continuation of the nasolabial folds to the jawline, the chin, and the jawline. Often times combining fillers with Botox treatments yields superior results. While Botox is best known for its use in cosmetic treatments, there are many other indications for Botox including excessive sweating in the underarms, palms, and soles, migraine headaches, cervical dystonia, spasms of the eye muscles, cross eyes, and bladder dysfunction. It has also been shown to help with depression, premature ejaculation, abnormal heartbeats, cleft lips, and pain with intercourse for women. Excessive sweating, a condition known as hyperhidrosis can be a serious concern for some people. Excessive sweating can occur even when it is not hot. It sometimes occurs when a person is nervous. This can become very embarrassing for a person, especially when it happens frequently. The most common areas of concern include the underarms, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. Fortunately, Botox is an easy and effective treatment for excessive sweating. These areas are more sensitive and therefore numbing cream is usually applied on the area for about 15 minutes prior to the treatment. To determine exactly where the sweat glands are, sometimes a test is performed called the starch iodine test. Iodine is placed on the area of the skin which will be treated. The areas with more sweat glands will appear dark. This allows the provider to know exactly where to place the product. Despite this, typically the entire area is treated and the product is placed to cover the entire area. Usually 50 units of Botox are used on each side. Some people enjoy their results for six months or more. Similar to when Botox is used for cosmetic purposes, periodic maintenance treatments are required. Botox works to treat migraine headaches in the same way it works to treat wrinkles: by relaxing muscles. In the case of migraine headaches (and sometimes other headaches such as tension headaches) the muscles in the upper face and head contract. This puts pressure on the bones which can be very painful. Botox will relax the muscles to relieve the pain. The areas treated with Botox for migraine headaches are those treated in the upper face. Sometimes additional muscles are also treated with Botox such as those in the temples and back of the head. The dose of Botox used is in the range of 60 to 70 units. Full results are seen in two weeks and after a Botox treatment. However, many patients feel improvement as early as the next day after a Botox treatment. Botox treatment for migraines will significantly reduce the frequency of migraines and is a great alternative for those for whom oral medications are ineffective. Most people enjoy their results from a Botox treatment for three to four months. At that time a maintenance treatment is recommended. One of the side effects that people notice when they get Botox to treat their wrinkles is an improvement in the appearance of the pores. The Botox can also decrease production of oil in the glands to reduce the size of the pores and to treat oily skin. For such a purpose Botox is used slightly differently. The Botox is diluted more than normal and spread out over the skin surface. Therefore, there are many injection points rather than just a few. Also, the Botox injections are placed in the very surface layers of the skin so that it can best reach the oil glands, in contrast to deeper placement of Botox when used to relax muscles. Usually about 40 units of Botox are used for the entire face. The results of such a Botox treatment are seen in a few days and most people enjoy their results for three to four months. With any injection, there are risks such as pain, bleeding, bruising, redness, swelling, tenderness, and infection. We take special precautions to minimize these risks such as using a painless technique. We also treat bruises with a laser as early as the next day. Bruises usually resolve within two weeks if untreated. After a laser treatment bruises usually resolve in 1-3 days, but may still take two weeks for full resolution. In addition to these risks, with Botox there is also a risk that the product spreads or diffuses to nearby structures. Spread to nearby muscles can lead to side effects such as the temporary appearance of droopy eyelids or a temporary asymmetric smile. After a Botox treatment, I recommend that my patients avoid heat exposure, alcohol consumption, and strenuous exercise for 24 hours and not lie down flat for four hours. This is because all of these activities may possibly lead to the movement of the product and consequent side effects such as droopy eyelids. Although there have been no definitive studies shown that these actually occur and some physicians do not provide such aftercare instructions, in the absence of data I err on the side of caution and recommend that my patients avoid such activities. Please consult with a doctor for specific recommendations. Good luck!