In the case of eyelid surgery, the cause of potential loss of vision is primarily related to uncontrolled bleeding behind the eyelids after surgery. This is called a retro-bulbar hemorrhage. The risk of injecting something into a blood vessel during eyelid surgery does not seem to be a significant cause of visual loss associated with eyelid surgery. As Dr. Lay points out, this can occur with other aesthetic treatments like injecting fat or fillers. The risk of visual loss from this type of service is thought to be even more rare than with eyelid surgery. The take home message is that no, it is not zero. There is a real risk. If you are not comfortable with this risk, do not have these services. For the eyelid surgery, you can improve your risks by very carefully following your surgeon's pre-operative instructions. This generally means being off of drugs and herbal products that can thin the blood. If you have a history of unusual bleeding at surgery or bruising, or members of your family have these issues, it is very important that you discuss this with your potential surgeon. Despite these risks, eyelid surgery continues to be one of the very most popular cosmetic surgeries.