There are multiple, redundant safety mechanisms on the ARTAS System. When the patient is in the robot, the patient is rather sedated; I have not seen someone sneeze while sedated, but I suppose it could happen. The ARTAS is a two-staged punch system, in which the initial punch comes out of the machine at 2 meters per second; you can run faster than that. This initial punch is sharp, and pierces the first 1.5 mm of the skin. Or less than 1/16 of an inch. Then a dull punch comes out and slowly goes deeper, to collect the hair bulbs under the skin. The safety mechanisms are as follows:1) there are 4 emergency kill switch buttons in reach of the operating surgeon during the procedure2) there is a pressure meter on the punch itself, such that if more than a few Newtons of force is sensed on the punch, the system immediately retracts the punch and the robot arm moves away quickly3) there is a pressure plate on the bottom of the ARTAS robotic head, and the slightest of touches and the machine immediately and rapidly retracts the punch, and the robot arm moves away quickly.During the procedure, a tensioner is applied to the scalp with 4 elastic bands, one on each corner. These are inserted into the grooves on the halo around the patient's head, which gently put pressure on the head to keep it in the padded halo rest. In the case of someone sneezing while the robot was working, the surgeon would be paying attention to the patient and the irregular breathing right before a sneeze, and just stop the machine. But if the surgeon misses the cue, or the sneeze happens without warning, and the patient's head bucks, it won't buck that far because of the 4 elastic bands (medical silastic bands, no the elastic bands in your desk drawer) holding the patient's head in the cradle. If it does go an inch or so, the patient will either trigger the punch pressure sensor, the plate pressure sensor on the bottom, or both, and the machine will immediately withdraw the punch, and the robot head will quickly move away from the patient.