The durability of vaginal reconstruction (vaginoplasty) Q: How long will vaginal tightening last? A: It is imperative to distinguish between the vaginal reconstruction of site-specific defects of the vaginal wall and vaginal tightening. Site-specific vaginal wall defects reconstruction is a surgical operation requiring intimate knowledge of the vaginal walls' gross, topographic, functional, and surgical anatomy and adjacent vital structures (the urinary bladder, urethra, and rectum) fusing with the vaginal wall. Additionally, the lateral vaginal wall and its supportive structures are different, and there is no vital structure connecting to the lateral vaginal wall. Vaginal tightening, as presented by Dr. Marko Pelosi III's video here, is not a procedure that should be offered in your case, with many conflicting surgical anatomy statements made in this video about the vaginal anatomical structures and pelvic muscles. A vagina canal is surrounded by four walls, like a hose, a) anterior that fuses with the urinary bladder and urethra; b) posterior that fuses with the anterior rectal wall; c) 2-lateral walls, which are directly fused with the pubovaginalis muscle. It is evident that the muscular vaginal layer (circular and longitudinal muscle) is a smooth type of muscle and pelvic floor muscles support the vagina, but they are not vaginal musculatures. The vaginal wall consists of mucosal, muscular, and adventitia layers. In his advice to you, Dr. Michael Goodman suggested that surgeons must be familiar with operating on the levator ani muscle to be successful in vaginal reconstruction. There are abandoned scientific-clinical data showing that the levator ani muscle is not directly connected to the vaginal wall, and approximating this muscle in the midline is the wrong procedure and, in most instances, causes pain during vaginal intercourse; it should be abandoned for using at a vaginal reconstruction to tighten the vaginal opening. The first step in this case, a qualified physician should evaluate and establish the cause of your perception of the wide vagina. I researched this topic and published my findings in prestigious medical journals (J. Reprod Med 2014;59:327-327; EJOGRB 2011;158:97-100; EJOGRB 2011;159:449-452). Since the posterior-distal vagina directly fuses with the posterior perineum; therefore modified posterior perineoplasty (the female crotch reconstruction will support the posterior vagina. My clinical research well-documented that traditional perineoplasty is a wrong surgical concept, and modified posterior perineoplasty should be applied. I studied it and described this surgical intervention in the J Reprod Med 2015;60:109-116. My study showed that sometimes diminished superficial vaginal columnar rugae (superficial vaginal grooves) due to the presence of site-specific defects or advancing age can cause a sensation of a wide or smooth vagina (Ostrzenski A. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2012;73(1):48-52). You need to identify a surgeon who will be familiar with your specific problems to repair, and then you can expect a long-lasting duration of the surgical outcome. With regards,Prof. Dr. Adam Ostrzenski, USA