Is there anything that can be done about the vein and bony protrusion on my forehead and lowering the hairline? (photo)

Veins on the forehead (in the middle) is quite common.  You would need a physical exam before considering any treatment options.  Vein treatment versus forehead reduction versus shaving off the bones are all very different and extreme.  Thus the cost can vary from low thousand to 10+ thousands of dollars.  

Your hairline could be lowered with a standard hairline lowering.  If this covers the bony bump, then it doesn't have to be shaved.  If it still protrudes, then intraoperatively it could be burred down or rasped. Any times on patients over 40, I also perform a brow lift.  This is the best time to do it.  With this said, using an open brow lift approach, the vein could be identified and ligated.  

In men who have hairline lowering surgeries, the risk of male pattern balding is always there regardless of the family history you have. This is the reason I don't recommend a surgical hairline lowering procedure in young men, but rather a hair transplant lowering procedure which can be just as good, but if balding or thinning should occur after the procedure as a result of genetic balding, more transplants can follow it back easily. 

If there is bony growth on x-ray studies, the projecting area can be ground down. More then likely the bone should be left alone if the hairline is surgically lowered and the prominent vein ligated in the same opeartion. The lower hairline will hide the prominent bony structure of the forehead. Surgery of this nature would cost between $7000 and $15000