Can you get a hair transplant from one person to another?

In general you cannot receive donor hair from another person unless it is your genetically identical twin.The paper you are referring to is from a research journal.  There is still a risk of rejection and it is not a clinical (real world) practice.  

The study you are referring to was done in animals.  The only type of human hair transplant available is autologous (meaning same person transplant). Research into cellular therapy has greatly advanced however.  There are a ton of new interesting cellular therapies which use your own cells to release growth factors to heal tissue.  Most people benefit from this type of therapy which is safe and highly effective. 

Yes, I'm familiar with Dr Jahoda's work but please not this was not a study in humansThis was a study looking at rat tooth papillae cells and human papillae cells and what both do when they are injected around hair follicles.This was not in humans but rather in a completely different environmentAt present, it is not possible to transplant hair from one person to another without the immune system destroying those hairs

No, we only transplant hair
from the patient because skin is very likely to reject foreign hair (synthetic
or other ones).

This is not possible as there is a high risk for your body to reject the transplanted grafts. Check out the link for more details on hair restoration.

in general there is the risk of rejection of hair when transplanting from one person to another. If you have advanced hair loss and not much donor hair, you can consider alternative methods such as BHT. Even though doing  BHT involves some risks, the risk factors may be less than getting hair from another person.