Is there any research done on predicting hair loss in individuals, whether a person will bald and to what degree, pattern, etc?

Yes, there are ways to predict hair loss in men, mostly over the age of 25, sometimes earlier.Progressive nature of balding that comes about from genetic male patterned hair
loss starts after 18, but usually develops slowly until the person gets to his mid to late 20s. If their balding pattern is going to be on the extreme end of balding like the Norwood Class 7 pattern as these unfortunately men usually get to this extreme pattern before they are 26 years old. The question we should ask is what will happen in the next 5 or so years. I am a firm believer in getting Bulk Measurements of a person's hair to determine just what is happening beyond what the eye can see. Medications such as Propecia alter this natural evolution for the better and with bulk measurement we can tell if the treatment is working. If
you are developing a more advanced balding pattern which the Bulk Measurements
will show over a one year time frame, then you and your doctor need to develop
a MASTER PLAN that may or may not include a hair transplant.

If, for example you are going to develop a
Norwood class 6 and 7 balding pattern, patterns which develop well before they
young men are 26 years old, you and your doctor must project a worst case
scenario before you embark on a hair transplant. . The older you are, the
easier it is to predict future hair loss. At 21 years old, it might be
difficult if you are not destined to be a Class 6 or 7 pattern, but in your
late 20s, the job of predicting is easier.
If you bet on a horse in the Kentucky Derby, you
can never be sure that the horse will win until the race is over — likewise,
the Class 4A pattern patient (you) may be able to predict the final
pattern at the age of 26 or possibly earlier with two measurement of your Hair Bulk
data one year apart, especially if you are on the drug finesteride.. Don't jump to
a hair transplant too quickly as you might find out that you might out that you are balding faster than you expect, so that is why we wait on young men until their Bulk Measurements declare what is going to happen.

It is possible to predict to some degree but not exact predication as these are all taking into account average progress of hair loss, but this progression is very individualized and depends on the genetic structure of the client.  A good doctor can tell you on average what could happen during a consult and give recommendations to how to decrease or slow down the progression.