my heading said choosing appropriate procedures but perhaps it should be appropriately choosing procedures. I'm a big fan of high-volume liposuction in moderately overweight patients. Of course I always encourage people to choose weight loss first. My experience has been that heavyset patients with high volume liposuction give it some of the very best patient satisfaction scores. These cases typically involve removing 4 to 8 L of fat. When we remove more than 5 L of fat the procedure is split into two procedures that can be done relatively soon with a minimum of 48 hours apart. 1 L of fat is approximately 2 pounds. This means removing 5 L of fat which is considered fairly substantial and high-volume by most providers standards is only taking 10 pounds. Of course the 10 pounds are taken in the areas that are most beneficial for the aesthetic appearance etc. Still, if someone away is 280 pounds that only brings them down to 270 pounds. My experience has been that very heavy patients can lose 10 pounds in a couple of weeks with fairly modest changes in diet. Can you justify having an invasive surgical procedure that costs between 5000 and $10,000 for something you could achieve on your own in a couple of weeks with not all that much effort? Again, having the fat removed in the most desirable areas is better than simply losing 10 pounds. That said, there is no health benefit to removing fat surgically. There is significant health benefit with losing weight if someone is obese. So, losing weight and removing fat are not the same. My hand limit hovers around 220 pounds. The final decision has more to do with confounding factors and weight distribution. If someone is 225 pounds but has a very distinct fat distribution that's highly undesirable and everything else makes them a perfect candidate that I may consider doing the procedure. If someone is 195 pounds but has had a 100 pound weight loss, lots of loose skin, excess intra-abdominal fat then most likely I would not offer liposuction to this patient. I am more liberal about offering liposuction to heavyweight patients than most plastic surgeons. At least what they admit to when posting on real self. A BMI of 30 or less seems to be a fairly typical number plastic surgeons post as being the high-end for being a candidate for liposuction. The complication rates from liposuction are extremely small. I would venture to say liposuction is one of the lowest complication rates of any surgical procedure. It's not zero but close to it. That's not to say it's completely safe. People have certainly died from getting liposuction. Whether that's from incompetence on behalf of the surgeon or simply a statistical chance complication is a different topic. Obese people do you have slightly higher chances of certain complications but when it comes to liposuction it's really more about the inappropriateness. The simple fact that in order to obtain impressive results patients require so many rounds of liposuction that can be achieved safely with weight loss. Taking my 280 pound patient as an example. In order to lose 80 pounds someone would require an eight rounds of liposuction removing 5 L of fat during each procedure. That still leaves the person weighing 200 pounds. Liposuction simply doesn't make sense and becomes unethical on people that weight. Let me briefly touch on tummy tucks in patients with a high BMI. The biggest drawback to performing a tummy tuck on high BMI patient is the increase in complication rates. In particular wound healing issues with wound separation and tissue necrosis. In its worst case this could represent a large loss of skin with an open wound that may require several months to heal. Not a small undertaking from the patient or surgeon. There are other complications as well. A tummy tuck primarily treats skin laxity and muscle separation from previous pregnancies. The best candidates are thin, have lots of loose skin and muscle separation from previous pregnancies. The ideal liposuction patient has tight skin, excess fat in undesirable areas, minimal muscle separation from previous pregnancies and minimal excess intra-abdominal fat. Your best choice is weight loss. You probably didn't need us to tell you that. I personally lost 50 pounds about 15 years ago. I've had the opportunity to literally talk to thousands of people who struggle with obesity because of the work I do. My practice is devoted exclusively to liposuction and fat transfer procedures. The majority of patients who seek liposuction have some level of obesity. There are of course people who are lean and healthy and just want a small amount of fat removed. There are a multitude of recurring themes that I learned. I wrote up a short summary of what I learned from talking to so many people as well as my own experience and how I was able to lose the weight successfully. I'm happy to send you a copy of my summary if you contacted me directly. My contact is on real self. I hope that was of some use for you. Best, Mats Hagstrom MD