Thank you for posting this question. There is a huge difference between the two organizations. The ISHRS stands for the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery. ABHRS stands for American Board of Hair Restoration Surgery. The ISHRS is comprised of physicians and technicians who practice hair restoration surgery. They hold educational meetings around the world on topics related to hair restoration surgery. Any physician in good-standing may join; it’s about $800, which is very much in line with similar medical societies in other specialties. Doctors who are involved over many years and have contributed to the Society may apply for Fellowship status. A Fellow of the ISHRS has achieved the maximum level of participation in the society, and physicians with this designation have a “FISHRS” as a part of their formal title, which stands for “Fellow, International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery.” It takes years of participation and dedication to the specialty to earn the FISHRS distinction. There are many experienced physicians (some of whom even answered this question) who do not have the FISHRS designation. I takes a lot of effort on the physicians applying for this designation, and some prefer not to go through the process. The ABHRS is the American Board of Hair Restoration Surgery. It was formed in 1996, around the same time as the ISHRS. It is a certifying board in both surgical (hair restoration surgery) and non-surgical hair treatments for hair loss. Physicians who pass the board exam are Board Certified by the American Board of Hair Restoration Surgery. Currently about 200 doctors world-wide are certified, and there are 88 in the USA. It costs about $1000 for the application to take the test. The text consists of a 4-hour written exam that’s 81 pages long (I took the text last October...it was a massive test with hundreds of multiple choice questions, including clinical scenarios, and patient photographs.) In addition to the written exam, there is an oral-exam portion of the exam, which is 4 hours in length. In this portion, which is usually held in a large hotel with meeting rooms, there are tables set up in large rooms, with 3 chairs on 1 side, and 1 chair on the opposite side. The board exam candidate spends 30 minutes in each room, moving from room-to-room as the different modules are completed. Each module consists of a 30 minute block where the candidate sits in the lone seat on one side of a large table, and 3 doctors who have already passed the ABHRS exam are on the other side of the table. The candidate is presented with various clinical questions and problems, including photographs, and is tested by the 3 doctors on the other side of the table. It’s a serious undertaking, and takes 8 hours in total. It took a great deal of effort to successfully prepare to take and pass that exam. Many experienced doctors, including some who have answered this question, are not willing to put in the effort to study that hard to earn the ABHRS achievement and get board certified. These doctors often downplay the significance of the ABHRS, but in reality it is the world’s ONLY certifying board in the specialty of hair restoration surgery. Doctors who earn a board certificate in Hair Restoration Surgery often add “ABHRS” to their formal title to signify the accomplishment. At all the ISHRS meetings, doctors who hold an ABHRS certificate are even given special tags for their meeting credentials badge to let others know that they are board certified; it’s that important. That’s a long answer to a short question but I felt all this needed to be added to the other answers given by other doctors. I hope this information is helpful to you. Kind Regards, Ken Anderson, MD, FISHRS, ABHRS Board Certified Hair Restoration Surgeon