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Thank you for your question.Yes, it is possible to have dilated veins visible on the abdomen and it can be a sign of a serious medical condition(s).I recommend you see your doctor for a full and completeevaluation to make sure you are in good health or find out the problem if there is one.I hope this helps.
The varices you describe are gastrointestinal and can cause profuse bleeding and need to be addressed by a GI specialist or hepatologist. This is a serious medical issue. This is not treated by vein specialists but GI doctors - gastroenterologists/hepatologists (liver specialists). I believe you may be bunching together esophageal varices with gastric varices and they are different things.
Varicose veins of the stomach are called stomach varices and are usually the result of a blockage in one of the intestinal veins (portal,splenic). The back up of blood causes the veins around the stomach to dilate. A similar process can occur if there is bockage of the liver veins leading to esophageal varicose. Varicose veins on the abdominal wall can be due to portal hypertension or even to a blockage in the deep system of veins (usually the iliac veins) leading to collateral flow of venous blood along the abdominal wall and around the blockage.
Yes, not exactly on the stomach, but rather on esophagus and gastro-esophageal junction. The varicose veins there are being formed due to a condition called "portal hypertension", which is a sequence of hepatic cirrhosis. Due to the changes in the liver caused by alcohol, different forms of hepatitis etc., pressure in the veins draining stomach through the liver is rising, which leads to development of submucosal esophageal and gastro-esophageal varicosities. One of major complications of esophageal varicosities is bleeding. Hope it helps!