Can microneedling cause future issues with producing collagen because of the damage it is doing at the cellular level?

I'm not sure where you read this but I am not aware of any medical research that shows microneedling leads to less collagen and elastin over the long term. Microneedling, in my opinion, particularly when combined with topical PRP and good skincare is great treatment for stimulating collagen production and address enlarged pores, fine lines, and uneven skin texture. 

I am not aware of any medical literature that says that microneedling depletes one's ability to  make collagen.  The science behind microneedling is that it creates a small  controlled"wound" in the skin. This "wound"  stimulates factors that produce collagen and elastin to "repair" the wound.  As one ages the ability to make youthful collagen and elastin decreases naturally due to genetic and environmental factors.i am not aware of any studies that show this is due to scarring from microneedling.