Really unlikely unless the drain was nicked/cut somewhere along the drain, making it weak where the drain distal to the nick could break off but this would leave a jagged end to the drain when pulled if it was looked at. Otherwise I would say it is nearly impossible for a drain to fracture on its on when its pulled.
It is rare for the JP to be broken unless it was tethered by a suture and snapped off by a strong external force. Inspect the JP drain once it’s pulled out.