This sounds like a good question for your surgeon. It is very unlikely that what you produced from your nose is cartilage. I have never seen that in 10+ years doing septoplasty. It's not unusual to get hard scabs from the turbinate reduction. Maybe that is what you saw?
Hate to hear what happened to you! First of all, scaraway is a great product. But it does take time. Usually 4-6 weeks before you see it start to go away. It has to do with the fact that silicone aids the body in remodeling scar tissue into mature scars - and so your body has to start that phase...
The recovery after septoplasty and rhinoplasty are similar. However, there may be more swelling, discomfort, or bruising after rhinoplasty, especially if bone reshaping is performed. There is usually an external cast with rhinoplasty for one week, while a septoplasty doesn't involve such a cast....