I Got a Dental Implant 5 Years Ago, and It Broke Off! What is my Recourse?

From your question it is hard to tell what part of your implant actually is fractured.  It is very rare that the implant itself will fracture.  It is more likely that it is your crown or the abutment (part that is screwed into the implant) that has fractured.  A crown fracture can be restored easily by fabricating a new crown.  If the abutment is loose it is usually due to the screw coming loose or fracturing.  Both of these issues can also be corrected.  If the implant itself has fractured you will need to have it completely removed and have a new implant after adequate healing has occurred.  Any of these situations will probably require you to pay for whatever treatment needs to be done.  

What is perceived as a break is often something else entirely, and perhaps this is one of those times.  It is likely that the implant is fine and the crown attached has broken, which may be a simple fix.  

Implants come in three parts, the implant, the connector (abutment) and the crown. Sometimes the abutment and crown can be combined, but not often.  If the crown had porcelain as part of it, it is likely that the procelain chipped.  If the chip is small, it can be polished, if it is large, you might be able just remake the crown.

Dental restorations don't last forever and many last longer than others.  While we hope to have restorations last for decades, sometimes they don't.  If insurance is a factor, there likely is a benefit to help but there would likely be a contribution from you as well to cover the full fee.  5 years is normal from an insurance standpoint.

If the failure IS the implant, the implant company may cover the cost of the implant but not the labor to replace.

First, you need to investigate whether it's the IMPLANT (supporting post in bone) or the CROWN (cap on top of the implant) that broke. If the crown broke off, that's easy to replace. The old crown is removed and a new cap is replaced. You will have to pay for the crown. On the other hand, if the implant itself broke, that's more complicated. This now means that the cap and implant have to be removed, most likely bone grafted int the socket and you will have to wait about 4-6 months for the ridge of the jaw to heal before re-implanting another implant post. Again, you will likely have to pay for the surgery although the companies that make the implants will warranty the parts for 10 PLUS years nowadays. That should save you a couple hundred dollars. Your dentist will receive a replacement implant and not charge you for the material cost. Let's face it, who can guarantee anything for 5 years of more? Understandably if the crown or implant broke off in the first couple years, I would say you should have the cost of re-doing it waived. But after five years of heavy wear and tearing, chewing and biting, it's reasonable to have to pay for re-treatment.