If the technique used is with a needle, deep into the temporal fossae, it is possible to cause irritation of the temporalis muscle. This is a muscle used in chewing and can get sore from this injection. If there was bruising during injection, prolonged soreness is possible. I would discuss with your provider and get in to see him/her. I prefer to use a superficial injection which is safer and gets better results.
It would be very unusual to have jaw soreness after Bellafill (or any filler) injection into temples. I would consult with the injecting physician for evaluation. However, the jaw soreness is probably unrelated to the injection and, if it fails to resolve, consultation with your primary care provider or dentist would be the next step.