What Effect Does Smoking Have on Bone Grafts for Dental Implants?

A person that smokes has decreased blood flow, so they don't heal as well.  A bone graft requires a good blood supply, and smokers won't give that.  SOMETIMES a person can stop smoking for a short time, allow the graft to heal or implant to integrate, and then continue smoking.  This MAY help with the implants (but not the overall health).

Smoking has toxins as well as nicotine which is a vasoconstrictor (decreases size of lumen of blood vessels) which in turn drastically reduces the blood supply to the surgical site and bone graft. As well, a smaller blood vessel cannot move toxins and waste as quickly away from the surgical site. All told, not having enough nutrients and oxygen reaching the bone graft and not being able to rid the site of toxins will have a deleterious effect on the graft. The scientific literature is replete with examples and studies demonstrating that smokers have a significantly higher chance of failure over non-smokers. Having said that, there are many patient who smoke who proceed with surgeries of various kind and are successful. It's jus that your RISK of complications is significantly higher, depending on the type of procedure. 

Dental implants are one of the most successful procedures in dentistry, with a success rate of ~95%.  Studies show that in people who smoke the success rate drops to somewhere between 50%-70%.  The body just doesn’t heal correctly when you smoke.  I’ve experienced firsthand how poorly implants work in smokers.  For that reason I decided to no longer place dental implants in people who smoke.  

I’m very proud that I’ve been able to help many people quit smoking after which we successfully placed dental implants.  It feels very rewarding to not only improve someone’s oral health, but to save their life.  For people who were unable to quit smoking, we explored other plausible options.  Such as bridge work or flexi-dentures, these patients were also satisfied with their results.  They were also grateful for not having to go through the trouble of implant failure.  Good Luck!