Hi Maria,
Yes, extraction and temporary bridge can be done in one day provided the abutment teeth are sound and if your dentist feels comfortable about it. I typically bone graft the socket, suture and then place the temporary bridge until the area heals in a few weeks for final impression....
Seems the problem you are describing is related to a back tooth rather than a front one. Maryland bridges are somewhat outdated, but originally were designed to be used in front teeth areas. If the back / chewing teeth are to be replaced the option of a Maryland bridge may not work due to the...
The bad taste coming from the area of restoration is always an indication of a local accumulation of food/bacteria. I would say get a second opinion and have another dentist examining the restorations you have.