I did 2mm needling and applied 1.0 retinol and hydroxy acid the next day. Have I damaged my skin?

I would discontinue use and let your skin heal for about a week or two before putting on any retinoids or harsher acids. I don't believe you "damaged" your skin per say, you probably just dried it out. We recommend that you don't use any retinols/retinoids or acids a week prior to your microneedling appointment and then can continue use after about a week or so. If your skin is dry, try to put a moisturizer on or even a hydrating mask to help.