Photodynamic therapy, or PDT, is a procedure in which levulan or metvix, a photosensitizer, is applied to the skin and incubates for a period of time (usually 1 to 3 hours). The photosensitizer is then activated by a light source, such as blue light, red light or intense pulsed light. Actinic keratoses (precursors to squamous cell carcinoma) and acne both respond well to the treatment. While initial studies for the treatment were done with longer incubation times, many studies have shown that shorter times are just as effective. It is very important to protect skin from the sun for at least 48 hours post treatment. Off label uses include the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers and photoaging. Side effects can include phototoxic reactions including pain, burning, pruritis, erythema, edema, local skin photosensitivity [short period of time], potential eye phototoxicity [unlikely with topical PDT but it can occur], crusting, vesicobullous reaction, and erosions for 7-10 days and then peeling (normal response). These effects can be mild or severe depending on other factors (sun/artifical light exposure).