When your dentist goes in and removes the decay from your tooth, it is very painful and can traumatize the tooth. Luckily, due to the anesthetic, you usually don’t feel the pain caused by this process of repairing your tooth what is the main cause of tooth sensitivity after a filling because your body is telling you that the tooth was traumatized. The bigger your cavity (and resulting filling), the more likely it is that you will experience sensitivity after the filling is done depending on the different cains of rehabilitations. There should be no pain after a restoration and you might had a trauma and will need a root canal. With xrays we can determinate the root condition and what other options we can have for the tooth.