Neutralizer (hydrogen peroxide solution) was not rinsed after hair perming. Will it cause permanently hair loss?

This is difficult to answer without pictures. If you're concerned,I suggest seeing a hair loss expert now to evaluate and go over your condition and provide you information about your best treatment options. There are great non-invasive options like prp/progesterone which can help hair regrowth. See an expert. Best, Dr. Emer

Hydrogen proxide can break down the hair shaft and cause breakage and thinning of hair. This may be temporary and the hair can regrow. 

The bleach we use to lighten hair is 'hydrogen peroxide'. Hence the phrase 'peroxide blonde'! ... To be safer for our skin, the hydrogen peroxide used to bleach hair is diluted many times. This chemical enters the hair shaft and releases oxygen, causing the pigments to be broken down and in higher concentrations it can damage hair.  This is why this is used by professionals