Is there a chance if I wear braces, my small teeth will become longer? Are my gums will move if I wear braces? (photos)

You can do much to improve look with DNA or other methods of expansion.  I suggest starting with expanders but you must go slow. When 4 bicuspids are amputated there is usually backward movement of teeth and posterior tipping that can be improved.   An ALF appliance can also help.

From your photos, it appears that the upper right central incisor is smaller in both length and width.  Some of that could be due to wear from before you had your braces.  In addition, it looks like the lateral incisors are both small.  I would have a talk with your dentist and orthodontist ab...

Yes, traditional braces would do a nice job correcting the angulation of your upper front teeth and with much more predictability than using clear aligners. Traditional braces will also improve your overbite and correct your midline. You will probably have to slightly alter the shape of your tw...