It is very possible that you just have to have an adjustment on your temporary crown due to a bite discrpenecy. This can happen sometimes. Just call your dentist and have him check your bite. It depends also on whether your crown was made from an impression of your existing tooth or a "stock" set of temporary crowns. The latter may need more of an adjustment. The sensitivity is sometimes common with temporaries because they don't fit as well as the permanent crowns do. Ask your dentist about this too. I hope this helps you.
I hope that you can will your dentist right away and make an appointment to see him/her. The bridge might be able to be recemented. It might be just as simple as that. If part of the tooth came off with the bridge it will be more complicated. Please see your dentist asap.
If you are numb, you should wait until the numbness wears off. Otherwise, wait about an hour. As others have said stay away from very sticky things and extremely hard things (ice cubes) that might wreck or pull of your temporary. Be very careful flossing also - pull the floss out to the side, rather than back up and you should be fine.
You really should not have any restrictions with your gold crown. You should always stay away from extremely hard things such as ice cubes and "rock candy" on all of your teeth to avoid chipping or breaking them, but otherwise you should be ok. Hope this helps.
I am assuming that since you said the crown was cemented on, that this is not a "screw-retained" crown. That would be pretty easy to remove. That being said, removing a cemented crown is not easy but it can be done if you are so unhappy that you can't live with it that way. Did the dentist show it to you before it was put in permanently? You might have been able to tell at that time that it was shorter. The question now is, can it be done? Yes. But you will have to discuss it with your dentist and make an arrangement as to how that will work now that it is cemented on. Good luck.