There is a procedure called "internal tooth whitening" or "walking bleach". It's done by placing a very concentrated whitening agent inside the tooth and sealing it with temporary filling. Tooth is checked weekly after that for the desired whiteness and fresh whitening material may have to be placed into your tooth. This procedure can be augmented with a conventional whitening of other teeth. After whitening is done tooth is restored with a composite filling.
Can it be done? Yes. Is it a good idea? No. Due to a long span and "around the corner" design the useable life of this bridge will be much shorter than expected and may lead to eventually loosing abutment teeth. As long as you understand the limitations of this design and your are OK with it, go ahead and do it, but you should consider other options, such as implants, or removable partial denture.
Inlays are normally done on back teeth where chewing forces are much greater. Inlay preparation requires a "path of insertion" that due to the shape of front teeth and cosmetic requirements would be hard/impossible to achieve. If the area to be restored is small to medium a composite filling will look great and last for years, if it's large a porcelain crown would be the solution.
Yes, we do it anywhere in the mouth. Whether or not it can be done in your particular case is up to your dentist. Sometimes a limited short term orthodontic treatment is a better choice.
That all depends on what was done, how it was done and what your husband is doing with it. From the fee you mentioned it looks like your husband had a pretty complex restoration - that definitely increases possibility of future breakage/repairs. By "how it was done" I mean from the way implants were placed to quality of lab work, to the way his bite was restored there are so many variables that are difficult to control. Finally, what he eats and how he chews as well as any night time grinding/clenching also determines how long restoration will last. He should be wearing a night guard to protect his investment.