Bryan Edgar, DDS

Most of the orthodontic colleagues I work with would recommend traditional braces and some sort of temporary implants to serve as anchors for the upper back teeth to aid in moving them up. This is one of the hardest orthodontic movements to accomplish and I don't see Invisalign being capable of doing this.  Looking at your case it appears this is what is needed to close your bite and have an esthetic smile in the end.   

Straightening a tooth like yours would definately take less time. In my office treatment like yours would take about 9 months. However it requires the movement of multiple teeth because you have insufficient space for the "snaggle" tooth so more room needs to be created. A normal fee for something like this is about $2000.

Sounds like your bite on the bridge is off. You should have it checked because this can create trauma to the ligament that holds the tooth in the bone. It can also lead to bone loss around the tooth. 

In your case braces are definitely the way to go. Because your lower cuspids are forward, it would be difficult to get a good result with veneers. Also as you said, veneers don't last forever and depending on your age would need to be replaced at 10-15 year intervals.
As for whitening the best approach I have found is in office followed by at home trays. In our office we automatically make the trays at the time of the in office and don't charge for them. Seems to work out quite well for patients.

Because the root canal treatment is done totally within the tooth roots, this should not affect your aligner use. Once the abscess symptoms settle down, which should be less than a wee, you can jump right in where you left off.