Are the effects of hydroquinone only temporary for Hyperpigmentation?

You really should be seen by a dermatologist or plastic surgeon. Hydroquinone needs to be prescribed and monitored by a skincare expert. It can actually make the dark spots worse if used improperly. You will likely be started on a skin lightening product (not necessarily hydroquinone) and closely followed. You will also want to protect your skin from the sun with a physical sunblock to minimize the risk of the pigmentation returning.I hope this information is helpful.Stephen Weber MD, FACSDenver Facial Plastic Surgeon

Although an examination would give the most accurate diagnosis, the description of the signs and symptoms related to your chemical peel sound like TIH or transient inflammatory hyperpigmentation.  This should fade over the course of the next few months.  Hydroquinone will help to lighten the area as long as it is used, because it interrupts the production of cutaneous melanin.  When you stop using it, it stops working.  Sun protection measures and time should take care of the rest. 

It sounds like you had an inflammatory reaction to the peel, which produced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (darkness). This is not uncommon in African Americans and is a reason that it is very important that any future treatments you have be done by experienced, well-trained people who choose the right products for you.Hydroquinone works by stopping melanin (pigment) production and so it works as long as it is used. However, it may not be the right treatment for you. Many people do not tolerate it well and there are many other agents available to control pigmentation. You will need to be assessed and monitored. Whatever pigment control solution you end up with should be part of a system of skin care with emphasis on moisturization, control of further inflammation, and sun protection.I recommend you consult an experienced surgeon or dermatologist.