Many patients consult me for penis enlargement and one of the first things they say is: "I don't want surgery, no matter what." But after discussing the pros and cons of surgery, many patients decide on having surgery. I am not suggesting surgery for everyone seeking penis enlargement. What I am advocating is the right procedure for the right indication. The right procedure can be either non-surgical or surgical, or it could be both. Some patients do much better with non-surgical treatment while others may require surgery to attain their desired result.When is surgery indicated for penis enlargement? Generally, there are two aspects of penis enlargement, the length and the girth. For patients who want an increase in the erected length, the only way is by minor surgery done through a small incision concealed by the pubic hair above the base of the penis. The length of the penis when flaccid, will also be increased with this surgical procedure. However, very often the length of the penis when flaccid will also be increased after non-surgical girth enlargement such as by injection of fillers or fat. Briefly, the only way to get an increase in erected length is by a minor surgery. Girth (circumference of the shaft) enlargement can be done either non-surgically by injection of filler or the patient's own fat. Or, it can be done surgically by insertion of a sleeve of collagen via the same incision used for the penis elongation, so that no additional incision is needed. The best option for you can only be determined by you and your treating doctor in a person-toperson consultation. Select a physician who does both non-surgical and surgical procedures, so that the doctor can offer you both options. The non-surgical procedure uses filler injection or fat injection to enlarge the shaft. There are different types of fillers. Some are made of hyaluronic acid. They are temporary and what most doctors use. Some are permanent; the most common of which is Bellafill. The other type of injection is with the patient’s own fat. Its major advantage is that it is safe because it comes from the patient himself and there is no risk of allergic reaction. Another way to increase the girth of the penis is by a minor surgery in which a sleeve of collagen (such as Alloderm or Surgimend) is inserted and wrapped around the penis just above the Buck’s fascia and underneath the skin. This, by itself, will increase the volume and, therefore, the girth of the penis. In addition, the presence of this layer of collagen stimulates the body to form more collagen and, therefore, further increases the girth. Injection of fat or filler on top of the sleeve at the same time as surgery further increases the girth of the penis and can also even out any unevenness, especially at the edge of the sleeve. This insertion of the sleeve and injection of filler can increase the girth by a great amount and the penis will feel natural without the “mooshiness” associated with injection of filler alone. If the patient wishes to have a greater increase in girth, the treatment of choice is insertion of the sleeve plus injection of filler. The insertion of the sleeve can be done via a small incision just above the base of the penis within the pubic hair and is thus camouflaged by the hair and becomes virtually invisible. The base of the penis is attached to the bone in the pubic area by suspensory ligaments. To increase the length of the penis, the suspensory ligament has to be divided, and the penis pushed forward beyond the edge of the bone. Thus, the functioning and visible part of the penis is lengthened, both when flaccid and erect. When done properly, an average of 1 inch of increase in penile length can be achieved. This is variable, depending on the anatomy of the patient. I have seen as much as 2½ inches of increase and as little as no increase in the length of the penis. However, the average is a 1 inch increase. This whole procedure can be done through the same incision used for girth augmentation; no additional scar will result. In summary, the only way to increase the length of the penis is by minor surgery. The girth can be increased by non-surgical injection of filler or fat, or by insertion of a collagen sleeve plus injection of filler or fat. These procedures offer immediate and permanent results. Stretching and PRP injections may improve erections, giving the illusion of increased penis size. Victor Liu, MD