Will Taking Accutane for 12 Days Cause Damage to Nose Tip Post Rhinoplasty?

No, you are fine. Your surgery was so long ago and you took only 12 days of medication, regardless of the mg taken. Usually we don't recommend people undergo elective surgeries post-Accutane for 6 months, but I've never heard of someone with an issue having done a surgery before the Accutane regimen, or any type of issues with cartilage. Consult your prescribing physician about the situation, though I see no reason why you can't take Accutane.