Melasma is normally a hormonal issue. Some skin discolorations are caused by over exposure to sun or heat (you can get hyperpigmentation from standing over a hot stove - this is sometimes a problem for those who work in restaurant kitchens)
No matter what the root cauase of your melasma, being in the sun without sunscreen will make it worse.
Melasma starts deep in the skin so a "fast" resolution is never as fast as someone hopes for. Stopping the production of excess melanin is a vital step in controlling melasma. Products that help speed up cell turnover are useful in assisting the sloughing of the skin cells which contain excess melanin.
Cosmelan is a multi-ingredient nonhydroquinone product system that has proven results in blending out the appearance of brown spots. It helps, though sometimes can't perform the miracle you might hope for. Even with this treatment, sunscreen is a must. Obagi products can be effective as they incorporate hydroquinone and along with a retinoid, hasten the turnover of affected skin.
Birth control pills are indeed a well known culprit as the chemically induced hormone changes set up the hyperactivity of melanin producing cells (as does pregnancy and sometimes menopause). I'm not a gynecologist so can't offer specific advice on particular b/c products, but your own doctor may know of ones that aren't as catalytic in causing melasma.
Sun protection at all times is crucial. Wear a hat when you go out. It can become your signature and will help forestall premature wrinkling along with keeping your skin better color balanced.
You'll probably see some minor improvement with over the counter products along with sunscreen but likely melasma that has taken hold is best treated by a dermatologist. If you're of Asian or Middle Eastern heritage, for sure see a dermatologist before embarking on a self-managed attack on melasma. Some drug store or internet advertised products can make things worse.
I wish I could offer you a fast, guaranteed permanent fix for melasma, but there isn't one. Find a board certified dermatologist and see what is recommended. Again, sun protection all the time is extremely important.
