i am doing research on lazer treatments for acne and skin resurface. is there anything new trend-wise with lazers?
The latest trend in laser treatment is fractionation of the laser beam, which delivers the laser on the skin in a pixel-like fashion allowing for minimal downtime, rapid healing, and now with CO2 fractionation, maximum results. Fraxel re: pair has been the leader in developing this technology.
Good luck, and be well.
As a patient, you may hear that the CO2 laser causes whiteness, that it causes a prolonged healing time and that the fractionated CO2 laser systems give similar results with no down time or minimal down time, and therefore fractionated laser is superior to the "old" CO2 laser. You will get white from the "old CO2 laser".
These statements are false. Here is why.
Fractionated laser with the CO2 laser works by giving small pulses of light to the skin, causing injury to the epidermal layer and the dermal layer. The "claim to fame" for the fractionated lasers is that they leave bridges of uninjured epithelium between areas of injured tissue. This enables the face to "reepithelialize" quicker. The reason is that the face reepithelializes by the epithel ial cells replicating and migrating from islands of uninjured tissue. Therefore to form a shield of epithelial cells, this occurs more quickly with the fractionated laser system. The advantage is quicker healing. The disadvantage is that all those bridges that didn't get lasered don't get tightened either. There can be a patchy appearance to the face since the face was not uniformly blanketed. I see many patients who were unhappy with their fractionated lasers because the results were not what they expected and they still had 4-5 days of down time. So they had the treatments repeated again and again, incurring additional down times and additional expense.
When the CO2 laser is used on common density settings, the tissues are largely "blanketed" by CO2, and the epithelial cells residing in the pilosebaceous units and hair follicles etc. perform the same reepithelialization function, just more slowly. A tug of war begins. If epithelization can occur within a reasonable amount of time, say less than a week, scarring almost never occurs in the face. We know this from decades of burn research, and the study of laser injury is burn biology. For an explanation of the boiology behind burn injury, you may wish to read my chapter in "Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment, Burn Therapy 2009"
The CO2 can be set to many different settings, let's just say low medium and high for the sake of explanation. The high setting occurs when 3 or 4 passes are done on the face. The injury is relatively deep. Lots of the dermis is injured. The results are fantastic. However characteristic loss of pigment occurs as the pigment elements are progressively wiped out the deeper the laser goes. And there may be long term pigment cell death as well (apoptosis). This is the laser settings that most of the panelists are referring to. We never laser this deep, because of the undesired effects.
However, the CO2 laser can be "turned down" to 1 or 2 passes on more conservative settings. The time to reepithelialization averages 5-6 days. Almost never is it more than 7 days. This also means that the redness and depigmentation (and risk of scarring) is also greatly reduced. Our incidence of "milkbeard" deformity and scarring with our current conservative CO2 system is zero. And our patients generally have a single treatment and are back in public feeling comfortable within 7-10 days, often sooner. We tell them in advance some wrinkles will be left behind, and the reasons why aggressive laser resurfacing would not make them look better.
The benefits of fractionated laser seem to be on areas other than on the face. CO2 is not commonly performed in darkly skinned patients, the hands, chest, decollete, where fractionated laser may be safer.
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